In 2010, companies have a whole new retirement plan option.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdmDandRL84

What is a DB(k)? Basically, a DB(k) combines a pension plan with a matching 401(k) plan. As the name implies, it is a defined benefit retirement plan with some of the features of a 401(k).

DB(k)s could become great recruiting tools. These hybrid retirement plans will be very attractive to employees looking to restore pre-bear market retirement savings levels – not to mention workers who want to retire with a pension-style income like the one Mom and Dad had. In the coming years, firms in especially competitive industries may be prompted to offer DB(k)s as perks.

Won’t it cost a lot for a company to fund one? Not necessarily. It is likely that the companies that do create them will have sizable cash reserves and profit margins. However, it isn’t as if a business is funding two retirement plans at once. In fact, any businesses that offer both defined benefit plans and 401(k) plans may unite them in this new option.¹

A DB(k) could save a business paperwork & money. These plans are exempt from “top-heavy” rules, and a company can put one in place with just one Form 5500 and one plan document. Principal Financial Group vice-president Chris Mayer, whose firm helped to develop the DB(k), told the Washington Post that the cost of providing a DB(k) will probably work out to 6-8% percent of payroll for most companies. This is certainly beneath the administrative costs of having both a 401(k) and a pension plan. Companies with 2-500 employees are eligible to have DB(k)s.^2,3,4

What do employees get? An income stream, an employer match and a really neat tool to save for retirement. In brief, the DB(k) has four compelling attributes:

• An arrangement for lifelong monthly income. The income stream won’t replace an employee’s end salary, but it certainly will help. Loyalty is rewarded: the pension income equals either a) 1% of final average pay times the number of years of service, or b) 20% of that worker’s average salary during his or her five consecutive highest-earning years.⁵
• Employees are automatically enrolled in the 401(k) portion. (They can choose to opt out.)²
• The company automatically directs 4% of a worker’s salary into his or her 401(k) account. The company also has to match 50% of that amount, which is vested upon the match. (Employees do have the choice to alter the contribution level up or down from 4%.)³
• It only takes three years for an employee to become fully vested in a DB(k) pension plan. So even if they leave the company, the money is theirs.⁴

The best of both worlds? Maybe. The DB(k) is shaping up as an intriguing 401(k) alternative, a new IRS-sanctioned way to offer valued employees something more than the usual voluntary retirement savings program. If you are saving for retirement, ask your company about it. If you own a business in a very competitive field, it may help you recruit, impress and retain the caliber of employees you really want.

You may be tempted to do it – but do you really want to?

www.youtube.com/watch?v=nkXu3LnxD-E

While you might be able to borrow from a 401(k), that doesn’t mean you should. Yes, we are in a recession. Yes, times are tough. But borrowing from your 401(k) could prove highly detrimental to your financial health.

Some 401(k) plans will not even allow you to take a loan. Those that do commonly permit you to borrow up to 50% of your vested account balance or $50,000, whichever is less.¹ How do you pay the money back? You pay it back (with interest) from future paychecks. How long have you got to pay it back? Usually, up to 5 years. If you use what you borrow to buy a home that will be your primary residence, you may be given longer to pay back the money.²

But again, this doesn’t mean you should. Here’s why this idea belongs in the category of “last resort”.

It could pressure you to reduce your 401(k) contributions. You’ll repay the loan out of your paychecks. Can you do that and continue to contribute to your 401(k)? If you have to lessen or cease 401(k) contributions as a consequence of this move, it could further hurt your retirement savings potential, especially if your company offers you a match on contributions.

If you can’t repay the loan, it becomes a distribution. If you can’t pay the money back within the time period allowed, it is considered a distribution, subject to federal and state income taxes. If you are younger than age 59½, you will face the usual 10% penalty for making a premature withdrawal from your retirement account on top of that.¹

If you lose your job, guess what: in most cases, you have to pay the loan back within 60 days, or it becomes a taxable distribution. Ow.³

The money isn’t tax-sheltered after you borrow it. Nor is the loan tax-deductible.¹

It works against the time value of money. In other words, compounding. One of the key tenets of investing is that money available to you now is worth more than money available to you in the future. Any money you put in a bank account or tax-advantaged investment account now has potential earning capacity – the capacity to grow and compound over time.

This is why we would all prefer to have, say, $20,000 to invest today rather than $20,000 to invest 30 years from now. If you wait 30 years to invest it, you will lose 30 years of time value. Additionally, that idle $20,000 will be worth less 30 years from now due to inflation.

If you borrow from your 401(k), you are working against the time value of money and the power of compounding. By removing assets from that tax-advantaged account, you are hindering its potential earning capacity.

Every 401(k) plan loan carries an opportunity cost. Years from now, you may have to reckon with some sobering questions – how much could those funds have earned if they were left inside the 401(k), and how much did they earn for you when you took them out of the 401(k)? Did the money you borrowed earn you a dime? Did you take on another debt using the money you borrowed?

Are you paying yourself interest? Think again. As you pay back a 401(k) plan loan, the 401(k) program puts the principal and interest back into your 401(k) account. So it looks like you are paying yourself interest. Technically, you are. But to pay that interest, you need to earn money (a salary) and pay income tax on what you’ve earned. You pay the interest on your loan with post-tax dollars. Guess what: when you withdraw those dollars from your 401(k) at retirement, they’re taxed again (as taxable income). So in essence, those dollars are being taxed twice. (It must be noted that specific tax rules apply to Roth 401(k) contributions.)²

Why harm your retirement fund? Borrowing from your 401(k) could amount to an injurious financial mistake, one that could haunt you for years. If the thought has crossed your mind, talk to your financial or tax advisor – there may be other ways to find the money you need.

It just might be. Here’s why baby boomers are choosing immediate annuities.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uhicx0y43ho

Nobody wants to outlive their money. In fact, somebody recently asked me, “How do I organize my money so that I spend my last dollar on my last day of life?”

Since neither of us knew when that day would occur, we selected an immediate annuity as the solution.

An immediate annuity is a good component of any retirement plan. Immediate annuities are issued by insurance companies, and they are one of the few retirement income sources that guarantee an income until death (like Social Security does).

As long as my client lives, the insurance company must send him income payments resulting from his annuity investment. Upon his death, payments will cease.

Immediate annuities provide “immediate” income. There are two phases to an annuity: the accumulation phase and the income phase.

With a deferred annuity, assets grow during the accumulation phase. Then, at a certain date, the income phase begins – and payments are made to the annuity holder out of the accumulated principal.

With an immediate annuity, you don’t have to wait years for income payments to start. You put a lump sum of money into the annuity, and the payments begin – usually about a month after you set up the annuity contract. (Some “immediate” annuities let you defer income payments for up to one year.)

As owner of an immediate annuity, you have different payout options. A life-only option gives you an income for the remainder of your life. Select a joint and survivor option, and you can add a second life to the contract – that is, payments will continue to be issued to your surviving spouse for the rest of his or her life after you pass away. Or, you can simply structure an annuity payout to last a set number of years.

Longevity has its rewards. If you know a little about the insurance industry, you know insurance policies and annuities are structured around projections of life expectancy. With an annuity, if you die sooner than expected, the insurance company won’t have to pay you as much income as projected. If you outlive their projections, they will have to pay you more. So the healthier you are, the more attractive immediate annuities are.

If your immediate annuity is a life annuity (income payments for life), the older you get, the greater those payments will be. (Life expectancy for annuity payout purposes is determined by insurance company experience and not as a result of a physical examination. If you have a joint and survivor annuity, two lives are used in the calculation and the amount of the payout is smaller than with a single life contract.)

Immediate annuity income can also be affected by insurer assumptions. That is, it may be assumed that the balance of the annuity will earn __% interest or a ___% return annually. Lower interest rates or investment assumptions will lead to a lower income stream.

The after-tax advantage. If an annuity is purchased with after-tax money, the income stream comes with significant tax advantages.

Let’s compare and contrast here. In a deferred annuity, all earnings and investment results grow tax-deferred during the deferral phase. But when income phase starts and the tax-deferred earnings are paid out, the tax collector wants his fair share.

Since an immediate annuity is paying back both principal and tax-deferred earnings, a portion of each payment is considered to be income, and a portion is considered to be tax-free return of principal. The shorter the payout period, the greater the amount that can be excluded from tax.

Immediate annuities can be used in IRAs that require minimum distributions beginning at age 70 ½. These minimum distribution rates are designed to distribute out the entire balance of an IRA over a person’s lifetime. With longer lifespans, the tables the IRS uses for this calculation are fast becoming obsolete – and that raises the very real threat of outliving your IRA assets. However, if those assets are invested in an immediate annuity, a lifetime income stream can be assured and the IRS will accept that income stream amount as an acceptable minimum distribution.¹

So, does it make sense to annuitize? If you’re healthy, active and mature, an immediate annuity can potentially be a great income source for you. Before you arrange an annuity contract, talk to a financial advisor or insurance agent who understands these investments thoroughly, one who can explain your options.

Citations. ¹ irs.gov/publications/p590/ch01.html#d0e1252

Why emerging market equities have the world’s attention.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXlXhPNJ9ZE

Brazil. Russia. India. China. These four nations have some of the fastest-growing economies on earth and are becoming drivers in the world economy. In the coming decades, they may command as much attention as the U.S., Japan and other “heavy hitters” … or more.

The future aside, we know one thing about the BRIC nations and other emerging markets: collectively, stocks in these countries have outperformed U.S. stocks for the last 20 years.

During this past decade alone, the MSCI Emerging Markets Index brought a total return of 102.4% while the S&P 500 posted a total return of -10.0% (-24.1% before dividends). Across the 1990s, the S&P 500 produced a total return of 432.0% -- pretty impressive. Yet the MSCI Emerging Markets index posted a total return of 2408.6% for that decade.^1,2

Now there is tremendous volatility … but also great potential. If U.S. stocks soar or fall, emerging markets really feel the effect. We’ve seen them recoil in the first quarter of 2010. Yet short-term slumps aside, there are compelling arguments for investing in emerging market equities as PART of a diversified portfolio. Not the entire portfolio!

Look at last year’s returns. In 2009, the benchmark index in Brazil (the Bovespa) gained 82.66%. Russia’s RTS gained 128.62%. India’s Sensex 30 advanced 81.03% and China’s Shanghai Composite rose 79.98%.³

Now let’s look at the last decade. The Dow and the S&P 500 underperformed in the 2000s compared to previous decades. How did benchmark indices in the BRIC nations do?

Are you sitting down? Brazil’s Bovespa gained 301% across the 2000s. India’s stock market gained 249%. China’s Shanghai Composite was the laggard, only rising 72% over that stretch. Russia’s RTSI gained 863% in the past decade.³

So is it B-R-I-C, or B-R-I-M-C-K? Some economists would modify BRIC to BRIMCK, arguing that Mexico and South Korea belong in this collective powerhouse. The key market indices in Mexico and South Korea respectively advanced 44.87% and 49.65% last year.³ Or course I would argue that the sever instability of the Mexican government, which has a dramatic impact on their local market, is enough to keep it out of any serious investor’s portfolio.

So is this the (corporate) opportunity of a lifetime? Wall Street bulls see wisdom in giving more and more weight to the BRICs in portfolios. They draw a line between the impressive, sustained growth of these nations to higher returns and rising demand for capital. They look at these nations and see a rapidly growing middle class and upper middle class and a corresponding rise in spending … translating to a momentous opportunity for global companies who leap into the right place at the right time … translating to great corporate profits down the line.

Of course, this vision assumes that the BRIC nations will a) keep economic policies in place that drive growth, b) avoid political and social upheaval, and c) escape the worst of global economic crises. Remember, in my opinion, what hurts our economy will hurt them 10x as hard when it reaches there.

So is there a new alliance? A decade ago, “BRIC” was simply Wall Street slang – a term coined by Goldman Sachs economist Jim O’Neill. Today, the BRIC nations appear to be heading toward some form of coalition. In recognition of their power, BRIC leaders have scheduled annual economic summits – the first one was in Russia in 2009, the 2010 summit is in Brazil. The presidents and prime ministers of these countries entered into dialogue to determine how their economies can work together and maintain their fantastic growth.

In sum, the BRIC nations are responsible for about 15% of global GDP, and about 40% of the gold and hard currency reserves on earth are in their possession.⁴

So, does the BRIC demand your attention? Some financial consultants think that any well-diversified portfolio should have a toe (or a foot or a leg) in emerging markets – the gains of recent years are simply too spectacular to ignore. Others counter with the argument that past performance is no guarantee of future results, and cite the remarkable volatility that can affect the stock markets of these nations.

If you are interested in learning more, give me a call or shoot me an email and I’ll be glad to sit down and see what makes sense for you.

Citations.

¹ realclearmarkets.com/blog/Omnivest_1-4-10.pdf [1/4/10]

² cnbc.com/id/34645043 [12/31/09]

³ cnbc.com/id/34643111 [12/31/09]

⁴ nytimes.com/2009/06/17/world/europe/17bric.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print [6/17/09]

 These conservative investments have become a popular alternative to bonds.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrupQKSW5VE

Fixed indexed annuities can be very useful investments. As the name implies, FIAs are fixed annuities linked to the performance of a stock market index (often the S&P 500). Because of this stock market exposure, they can sometimes bring conservative investors very nice returns – often, considerably better returns than CDs, bonds, or money market accounts. They really aren’t designed to outperform the stock markets; they are designed to outperform the fixed markets.

During the accumulation phase of an FIA, you have the opportunity to benefit from stock market gains while your principal is protected against stock market losses. The annuity contract usually guarantees you a minimum rate of interest on your purchase payments while the annuity is growing; the insurance company involved will credit you with either the minimum return stated in the contract or a return based on the performance of the linked index.¹

If you are skittish about stock market investment, you can potentially realize the benefits of stock market participation through this comparatively low-risk investment.

Now each FIA has a particular participation rate. The participation rate signifies the percentage of the invested assets within the annuity keyed to the linked index.

Let’s say you have an FIA linked to the S&P 500 and the participation rate is 60%. That means is the S&P finishes positive you will receive 60% of that gain. If the S&P 500 gains 10% across a year, this means your annuity gives you a 6% return for the year. Compare that 6% potential return to so many CDs and money market accounts which generate a pittance of interest.

Some FIAs measure an index’s gain on an annual basis, others over the entire term of the annuity. Sometimes there are “ceilings” on just how high a return you can realize. From time to time, participation rates may be reset by the insurance company. Occasionally, a margin or “spread” determines the index-linked interest rate instead of a participation rate. In this case, if your annuity gains 10% and the spread is 2.5%, your credited gain is 7.5%.²

Most FIAs give you all the features of a fixed annuity: your earnings are not taxed, and when the distribution phase of your annuity starts, you can receive periodic (usually monthly) income payments. (Sometimes you can take the entire value of your annuity as a lump sum at the end of the contract term. It is your withdrawals of any gains that are taxed.) There is often a guaranteed minimum death benefit payable to your beneficiary when you pass away.

Another Key Feature is there is no annual contribution limit. If you need to put away more retirement savings NOW, the contribution limits on IRAs and 401(k)s can be frustrating. Would you rather have a retirement account you can only put $5,000 or $6,000 in annually, or an account to which you can contribute as much as you want? FIAs (and other types of annuities) have no contribution ceiling, and there are no IRS-imposed income limits above which you cannot contribute.³

But make no mistake, these are long-term investments. Many of these annuity contracts are 7-10 years or longer. If you need to withdraw your money from the annuity in the accumulation phase, there is usually a considerable penalty. Fixed indexed annuities do require a long-term outlook and a long-term commitment. No to mention that the IRS says that if you take a distribution from an annuity prior to age 59 ½, you face the same 10% federal tax penalty.

Would you like to learn more? If you are planning to maintain or improve your quality of life in retirement, maybe you would like to see how fixed indexed annuities can potentially help you. If that’s the case, then give me a call or send me an email and I’d be happy to look at your situation with you.

Citations.

¹ sec.gov/answers/annuity.htm          [7/19/05]

² newsobserver.com/293/story/222312.html    [10/23/05]